Bill Gates

Bill Gates

Bill gate is someone who is very famous for his skill and his genius and his fortune. Initially he was a computer programmer and eventually has become a prominent business leader. Most of the company's products are used worldwide. He is William Henry Gates. William Henry Gates III or better known as Bill Gates, born in Seattle, Washington on October 28, 1955. Bill's father, Bill Gates Jr., Worked at a law firm as a lawyer and his mother, Mary, is a former teacher. Bill was the second of three brothers. Since childhood he has a hobby of "hiking", even until now even these activities are often did when he was "thinking".

Bill Small able to easily get through the primary school with excellent value, especially in teaching science and mathematics. Knowing this, parents Bill send his at a famous private school with good academic training, called "Lakeside." At that time, Lakeside had just bought a computer, and within a week, Bill Gates, Paul Allen and several other students (mostly later became the first programmer MICROSOFT) has spent all hours of computer classes for one year.

Bill Gates's computer capability has been recognized since he was still in school at Lakeside. Starting with his "hack" the school computers, changing schedules, and student placement. In 1968, Bill Gates, Paul Allen, and two other hackers hired by the Computer Center Corporation. to be a tester security system company. In return, they are given the freedom to use a company computer. According to the Bill when it is they really can "enter" computer. And this is where they begin to develop skills toward the establishment of Microsoft, 7 years later.

Furthermore, the ability of Bill Gates getting honed. Making the payment system program for Information Science Inc., is the first business. Then with Paul Ellen founded their first company called Traf-O-Data. They make a small computer that can measure the flow of traffic. Other experiences, he worked as a debugger at defense contractor TRW company, and as a responsible computerized school schedule.

In fall 1973, Bill Gates went to Harvard University and enrolled as a law school student. Bill is able to better follow the lectures, but just like when in high school, his attention soon turned to the computer. Over at Harvard, his relationship with Allen remained close. Bill is known as a genius at Harvard. Even one of his teachers told him that Bill is an extraordinary genius programmer, but a man who sucks. December 1974, when about to visit Bill Gates, Paul Allen read Popular Electronics magazine article with the title "World's First Microcomputer Kit to Rival Commercial Models". This article contains the first microcomputer Altair 9090. Allen then discussed with Bill Gates. They realize that the era of "home computer" will be coming soon and explode, making the availability of software for computer-computer is required. And this is a great opportunity for them.

Then in a few days, Gates contact the manufacturer of the Altair, MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems). He said that he and Allen, has made a BASIC that can be used on the Altair. Of course this is a lie. Even they did not write a single line of code. MITS, who did not know this, very interested in BASIC. Within 8 weeks of BASIC have been prepared. Allen headed to present MITS BASIC. And although, this is the first time for Allen to operate the Altair, was BASIC to work perfectly. A year later, Bill Gates left Harvard and founded Microsoft. Currently, Microsoft grew to be one creator and developer of software and operating system software market share of the world. Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000, XP are examples of Microsoft's operating system of production which were mostly used by computer users in the world.

TSUNAMI

TSUNAMI

Tsunami (derived from Japanese, literally means "big waves in the harbor") is a wave that occurs after an earthquake, seismic sea, volcanic eruption, or meteor hit the ocean. Power every tsunami is fixed, the function of altitude and fast. With that, when the wave approached the shore, its height increases while fast decrease. The wave is moving at high speed, almost no effect can be felt by a ship (for example) when crossing the water in, but increased to a height of 30 meters or more. Tsunamis can cause erosion damage and fatalities in coastal areas and islands. Most cities around the Pacific Ocean, mainly in Japan but also in Hawaii, have warning systems and evacuation procedures if the tsunami had been predicted.

Tsunami will be observed by various seismological institutions around the world and its development is monitored via satellite. Evidence suggests mega tsunami not impossible occurrence, which caused some islands to sink. Tsunamis can occur if an interruption occurs that causes the movement of large amounts of water, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides or meteorite that fell to earth. However, 90% of the tsunami is an earthquake under the sea. In recording the history of some of the tsunami caused by the volcano eruption, for example when the eruption of Mount Krakatoa. Vertical movement on the earth's crust, can lead to the ocean floor rise or drop suddenly, which resulted in disruption of water balance that is above them. This resulted in the energy flow of sea water, which when it reached the coast into a large wave that caused the tsunami. This vertical motion can occur on the earth fault or the fault. Earthquakes also occurred in many areas subduction, where oceanic plates go down the continental shelf.

The landslide that occurred on the seabed and volcanic debris can also lead to disruption of sea water which can generate a tsunami. Similarly, cosmic objects or meteor that fell from above. If the size of a meteor or landslide is big enough, can occur mega tsunami reach hundreds of meters high. Bottom pressure recorder that uses a "buoy" as a communication tool, can be used to detect the waves that can not be seen by human observers at sea. Simple system that was first used to provide early warning of impending tsunamis ever attempted in Hawaii in the 1920s. Later, a more sophisticated system was developed again after the great tsunami of April 1, 1946 and May 23, 1960.

The United States makes the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in 1949, and connecting to data networks and international commemoration in 1965. One of the system to provide early warning tsunami, CREST Project, installed at the West coast of the United States, Alaska, and Hawaii by the USGS, NOAA, and the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network, and by three university seismic networks. Now, in Aceh also has installed a tsunami early warning tool, but the performance is still questionable. Because some day yesterday, the alarm sounds and tools the Acehnese cause panic. The alarm was false and no tsunami was coming. These events occurred twice and was otherwise damaged equipment. Until now, the tsunami forecast system is still an imperfect science, in the sense of not fully detect the tsunami event. Epicenter of an earthquake under the sea and the possibility of tsunami events can be quickly calculated. Modeling tsunami that both have successfully estimate how big the mass transfer of water occurs. However, due to natural factors that often unmodelled and unpredictable, frequent false warnings.

Exercise 2

Page 186

Exercise 11

1. The subject (of the lectures) was quite interesting. (C)

2. The supplies (for the camping trip) needs to be packed. (I)

3. The chairs under the table in the dinning room is quite comfortable. (I)

4. The players on the winning team in the competition put forth a lot of effort. (I)

5. The food for the guests at the party are on the long tables. (C)

6. The cost of the clothes was higher than i had expected. (I)

7. The rugs in the front rooms of the house are going to be washed today. (C)

8. The waiters and waitresses in this restaurant always serves the food efficiently. I)

9. The lights in the corner of the room need to be kept on all night. (C)

10. The meeting of the members of the council begins at 3:00 in the afternoon. (C)

Page 187

Exercise 12

1. Half of the students in the class arrive early. (C)

2. Some of the fruit are rotten. (I)

3. All of the next chapter contains very important information. (C)

4. Most of the people in the room is paying attention. (C)

5. Part of the soup is left on the stove. (C)

6. Some of the movie were just too violent for me. (I)

7. All of the details in the report need to be checked. (I)

8. Most of the money is needed to pay the bills. (C)

9. The first half of the class consists of lecture and note-talking. (I)

10. Some of the questions on the test was impossible to answer. (I)

Page 188

Exercise 13

1. Anybody are welcome at the party. (I)

2. No one here is afraid of skydiving. (C)

3. Everyone in the world needs love and respect. (I)

4. Someone have to clean up the house. (C)

5. Each plant in the garden appear healty and strong. (C

6. You should understand that anything is possible. (I)

7. Everthing in the salad are good for you. (C)

8. Nobody in the class have completed the assignment on time. (C)

9. I am sure that every detail have been considered. (C)

10. Everybody know the rules, but somebody is not following them. (I)

Page 189

Exercise (Sklills 11-13)

1. The receptionist in the entryway to the offices is able to answer your questions. (C)

2. All of the information in the documents are important. (C)

3. Anyone in one of the classes has to take the final exam. (I)

4. The coordinator of community services are arranging the program. (I)

5. Most of the car are covered with mud. (C)

6. Nothing more is going to be completed today. (C)

7. The drinks in the pitchers on the table in the ballroom is for everyone. (C)

8. Everybody were told to be here at 8:00, but somebody is not here. (C)

9. Some of the meetings at the conference are limited to ten participants. (C)

10. The sauce on the vegetables in the yellow bowl taste really delicious. (I)

Page 189-190

Toefl Exercise (Skills 11 – 13)

1. Nobody know when the process of glass-making was invented. (A)

2. Sugars like glucose is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. (D)

3. Part of the electricity used in the United States today come from hydroelectric sources. (C)

4. The languages of the world presents a vast array of structural similarities and differences. (B

5. The rise of multinationals have resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals can operate in so many jurisdictions. (D)

6. All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States has even numbers, while north-south interstate highways are odd-numbered.( A)

7. When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud expoded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos were detected on Earth. (C)

8. Some of the agricultural practices used today is responsible for fostering desertification. (C)

9. Every open space in the targeted area that has grass and a few bushes are occupied by
the white-crowned sparrow. (B)

10. Krakatoa is remembered as the volcano that put so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world was affected for two years afterward. (B)

Page 190-191

Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1-13)

1. Pictograms constitute the earliest system of writing. (D)

2. At temperatures approaches absolute zero, substances prosses minimal energy. (B)

3. The Earth’s one-year revolution around the Sun changes how falling sunlight on one hemisphere or the other. (A)

4. Though sporadic interest in regional dialects has existed for centuries, the first large-scale systematic studies did not take place until the nineteenth century. (A)

5. The waters of the Chattahoochee River fills Lake Lanier. (A)

6. The first set of false teeth similar to those in use today it was made in France in the 1780s. (A)

7. The term “Yankee” was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States are referred to as a Yankee. (D)

8. A network of small arteries, mostly sandwiched between the skin and the underlying muscles, supply blood to the face and scalp. (A)

9. Mesquite is a small tree in the Southwest who can withstand the severest drought. (C)

10. At the end of the revolution, most of the army units of the young nation was almost entirely disbanded, leaving a total national military force of eghty men in 1784. (D)

Paage 192-193

EXERCISE 14

1. The pastries in that shop are very expensive but quite deliciously. (I)

2. You can find some change to buy a paper in the drawer, on top of the dresser, or in the jar. (C)

3. The living room was decorated with expensive painting and elegance lamps. (C)

4. He knew that the financial problems were serious, that the situation was not going to improve, and that he needed to get a job. (C)

5. All day long during the trip to the mountains, they were skiing, sledding, or played in the snow. (I)

6. The car needs new tires but not a new enginee. (C)

7. He stops working when he gets too tired to continue or when he has finished. (C)

8. To get to the office, you should go trough this door, turn to the left, and continuation down the hall. (I)

9. For dessert we could serve lemon pie, fruit tarts, chocolate cake, or butter cookies. (C)

10. The sick child needs some medicine, some juice, and to rest. (I)

Page 194

EXERCISE 15

1. He either lied or telling an unbelievable story. (I)

2. The music at the concert was neither well played nor well liked. (C)

3. He regularly studies both in the morning or in the evening. (I)

4. The play that we saw last night was not only rather delightful but also quite meaningful. (C)

5. He married her neither for her ability to cook nor her ability to clean house. (I)

6. The discussion was both exciting and interest. (I)

7. He withdrew all the money not only from the cheking account but also from the savings account. (C)

8. Neither the teacher or the students are ready to leave the classroom. (I)

9. You can meet with me either in the next few minutes or at 4:00. (I)

10. John is an adventurous person who enjoys not only sky diving but also goes parasailing. (I)

Page 194-195

EXERCISE (Skills 14 – 15)

1. The advertisements appeared in the newspaper and on the radio. (C)

2. She is trained as both an accountant and in nursing. (I)

3. We can take either my car or yours to the party. (I)

4. The coffee is too hot, too bitter, and too strength. (C)

5. He not only passed the test but also receiving the highest score in the class. (I)

6. Your ideas are neither more important or less important than the ideas of the others. (I)

7. The meeting lasted only an hour but still seeming too long. (I)

8. The novel was both emotional and description. (I)

9. Either the counselor or her secretary can help you with that problem. (I)

10. The leaves from the tree fell in the yard, in the pool, the driveway, and on the sidewalk. (I)

Page 195

TOEFL EXERCISE (SKILLS 14 – 15)

1. Ballpoint pens are less versatile but more population than foumtain pens. (B)

2. Riddles vary greatly in both grammatical and phonology form. (A)

3. Blood preassure is measured by feeling the pulse and apply a force to the arm. (B)

4. The moon has no atmosphere, no air, and no watery. (D)

5. The firs matches were too hard to ignite, a mess, or too dangerously easy to ignite. (C)

6. A 1971 U.S. government policy not only put warnings on cigarette packs but also banning television advertising of cigarettes. (C)

7. Demand, beauty, durability, rare, and perfection of cutting determine the value of gemstone. (C)

8. The Harvard Yard, which was Harvard’s original campus, is still a major attraction for boyh students and visiting. (D)

9. In 1862, the American Confederacy raised the Merrimack, renamed it Virginia, covered it whit iron plates, and an outfit it with ten guns. (D)

10. The liquid crystals in a liquid crystal display (LCD) affect the polarized light so that it is either blocked and reflected by the segments of the display. (D)

Page 196

Toefl Review Exercise (Skills 1 – 15)

1. Most cells in multicelled organisms perform specialization fuctions. (D)

2. The big island of Hawaii, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, was created by five volcanoes. (D)

3. The sun uses up over four million tons of hydrogen per second but it still has enough hydrogen to last for the next billion years. (C)

4. For Katherine L. Bates, who reached the top of Pikes Peak in 1893. the view provided the inspiration for her hymn “America the Beautiful”. (A)

5. Coal, petroleum, and natural gascous are all fossil fuels. (B)

6. The mass of neutron stars generally range from one-tenth to twice the mass of the sun. (C)

7. Grasses grow in ways that help them to survive being nibbled, chilly, or dried. (D)

8. Most of Hemingway’s novels glorifies heroic exploits such as bullfighting or boxing. (B)

9. Paleographers study ancient and medieval handwriting in order to establish not only its age and also its background. (D)

10. The sounds produced by bullfrogs and toads vary greatly because each species have its own particular call. (C)

Page 197

EXERCISE 16

1. We have already hearing the good news. (I)

2. She has ridden her bicycle to school every day. (C)

3. I have always believe you. (I)

4. He has find the missing car keys. (I)

5. They have put their money in a savings account. (C)

6. Their parents have allowed them to stay up late. (C)

7. She has never ran away from home before. (C)

8. Have you ever saw a ghost? (I)

9. They have taken three tests already this week. (C)

10. He has offer me a high-paying job. (I)

Page 198

EXERCISE 17

1. She was study the textbooks all night long. (I)

2. The pie was cut into six equal pieces. (C)

3. Today the teacher is allow the students to leave class a few minutes early. (I)

4. The class is teach every other semester. (I)

5. Tom is bringing some drinks to the party. (C)

6. The sick child was taken to see a doctor. (C)

7. The children are swim in the backyard pool. (I)

8. The diamond jewelry is always keep in a safe place. (C)

9. The teacher is preparing a difficult exam for the students. (C)

10. Dinner is served from 6:00 to 8:00. (I)

Page 199

EXERCISE 18

1. You should try to respond politely. (C)

2. Everyone must leaves the room immediately. (I)

3. I could sat on the beach for hours. (I)

4. She will asking you many difficult questions. (I)

5. You can look at the book, but you cannot borrow it. (C)

6. He may lies to you because he is not very truthful. (C)

7. He knew that he would forgot the phone number. (I)

8. The wetherman said that it might snowing tonight. (C)

9. Perhaps we could bought a new car this year. (I)

10. This course will satisfy the graduation requirement. (I)

Page 200
EXERCISE (Skills 16 – 18)

1. We have became good friends in the last year. (I)

2. Your name will be list in the new directory. (C)

3. The new movie is receive good reviews. (C)

4. She must have feel sorry about her bad behavior. (C)

5. They have always given their family many presents. (I)

6. We may be taking a vacation next week. (C)

7. We could have taking a vacation last week. (C)

8. The package might had been deliver by an express mail service. (C)

9. I have not wrote very many letters to my friends. (I)

10. The car should not have be drive anymore yesterday. (C)

Page 200-201

TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 16 – 18)

1. By the 1920s, many radio transmitters had been build. (D)

2. Fish farming has rose in the United States in recent years. (C)

3. In areas of volcanic activity, beach sand may contains dark minerals and little quartz. (B)

4. Cro-Magnon man was names after the caves in southwest France where the first remains were discovered. (A)

5. Lassie, the famous collie who made her first screen appearance in 1943, has always be played by a male dog. (D)

6. A blue bigwig lizard stakes out a territory and will defending females within it against courting males. (A)

7. President George Washington was inaugurates on the steps of the Federal Building in New York City. (A)

8. By 1627, Plymouth had became a viable and growing community of fifty families, twenty-two goats, fifteen cows, and more than fifty pigs. (A)

9. Tobacco was the crop on which the eminence of Williamburg and the prosperity of Virginia were base. (B)

10. Because there may be scores of genes in each suspect DNA region, scientists must identifying and sequence the actual genes contributing to type I diabetes. (A)

Page 201-202

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skill 1 – 18)

1. The Pacific Ocean has the deepest valleys and canyons on the Earth. (D)

2. In the United States, the participation of females in the labor force jumped from 37 percent in 1965 to 51 percent in 1980. (D)

3. Some composers, such as Richard Wagner, have felt that interrupt arias the action of the opera too much and have written operas without them. (B)

4. Water stored behind a dam can used to drive turbines. (A)

5. Our universe may continue to expand as it gets colder,empty, and deader. (A)

6. Every form of matter in the world are made up of atoms. (A)

7. The lens and cornea are supply with nutrients and oxygen by the aqueous fluid. (B)

8. Dodge City, laid out in 1872, owed both its prosperity and its famous to the buffalo in its early years. (A)

9. The amount of the two kinds of cholesterol in the blood have been shown to have an effect on the risk of heart attack. (A)

10. By the time Noah Webster reached his mid-twenties, he had already publish an elementary speller. (A)